Madrid

Madrid runs open-loop: tap a bank card or phone at the metro gate (marked gates only) or the bus reader — no travel card needed. Tap in and out with the same card on the same device — a physical card and its phone copy count as different cards. On Cercanías, skip the tap-out and you are billed the network's top fare. There is no daily cap; heavy days call for a 10-trip or the Billete Turístico. A metro ticket rides Metro Ligero ML1 only. Taxis charge city-set fares; Uber or Cabify may send a VTC at unregulated prices — check before you accept.