Sydney

Metro, trains, trams, buses and ferries share one Opal system: tap a contactless Visa, Mastercard or Amex and you ride — train gates refuse other brands. An Opal card is only needed for child fares. No day or tourist pass exists; daily and weekly caps do that job, but only if every tap uses the same card or device — mix Opal with a bank card and the caps fall apart. Tap on and off; skip the tap off and you pay the mode's top fare. The exception is the airport: its two private stations add an access fee outside the caps, which buses avoid.